"My ambition for the Journal of Data Protection & Privacy is for it to further develop the foundations, tools and methodologies for Privacy by Design, and to help getting them applied in practice."
Volume 13 (2024-25)
Each volume of Journal of Digital Media Management consists of four quarterly 100-page issues. Articles scheduled for Volume 13 include:
Volume 13 Number 1
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Editorial
Simon Beckett, Publisher -
Practice Papers
The AI digital asset management assistant: Testing GPT-4’s description and keyword tagging abilities on product imagery
Jake Athey, Vice President, Sales and Go-To-Market, DAM and PIM and Jacob Williamson, Senior Software Developer, Acquia
The process of tagging descriptive metadata to digital assets remains a time-consuming and largely manual process for digital asset management (DAM) system administrators. This paper explores the potential of OpenAI’s GPT-4, a large language model, to automate product descriptions, keyword tagging and alt-text. The research team developed six generative AI prompts that instruct GPT-4 to draft one-sentence descriptions and ten keywords for sample product images from six categories of household brands, namely: bicycles, food & beverage, home goods, office furniture, footwear and tools. Using an assessment framework that measures accuracy and precision, the team evaluated GPT-4’s performance by prompt and product category. GPT-4 demonstrated the highest accuracy when describing food & beverage images and the highest keyword precision when tagging footwear images. GPT-4 struggled to be accurate when images displayed low colour contrast or partially obstructed text. It also struggled when attempting to correctly identify gender, relationships and settings. However, GPT-4 showed surprising aptitude at identifying product materials like carbon fibre and species of wood. An analysis of prompts revealed that changes in persona, task description and specifications significantly influence accuracy and precision. The highest average accuracy score and highest average precision score among the prompts suggest that GPT-4 requires careful human oversight when generating keywords, product descriptions and alt-text for accessibility. Even so, it likely saves time for DAM administrators and professionals in marketing and e-commerce.
Keywords: generative AI; digital asset management (DAM); GPT-4; keyword tagging; product descriptions; metadata -
Beyond distribution: The critical role of content tracking
Gregg Guest, Vice President of Product Management, FADEL
In the dynamic landscape of digital asset management (DAM), managing the life cycle of digital assets extends beyond mere storage and retrieval. This paper emphasises the critical importance of content tracking for safeguarding brand integrity and compliance. It outlines the complexities involved in managing digital assets, from pre-production to postdistribution, highlighting the necessity of tracking usage rights and expiration dates across various platforms and geographies. The piece explores advanced technologies such as visual matching and rights management systems that use artificial intelligence to automate tracking and compliance analysis, thereby mitigating legal risks and enhancing operational efficiency. The paper discusses practical scenarios where content tracking is indispensable, such as managing expiring content, avoiding rights violations and maintaining brand consistency during rebranding efforts. It concludes that in a world where digital content predominates, a robust content tracking system integrated with a DAM system is essential for maintaining control over digital assets and ensuring their compliant and effective use. This not only protects the brand but also optimises content performance, ultimately contributing to the brand’s market success.
Keywords: DAM; DRM; content tracking; rights management; compliance; brand integrity; automation -
Case Studies
Case study: The Österreichische Mediathek’s monitoring and analysing tool for digital archiving
Marion Jaks, Digital Archivist, Österreichische Mediathek
This paper provides a case study of MEDIAS, the ‘living’ digital archiving solution at the Österreichische Mediathek (OeM) — Austria’s national archive for sound and video. The paper describes the origins of this model, the challenges faced during its development and rollout, including multiple data migrations, and changes in storage and naming conventions; the development of a customised search engine to monitor the objects held in the digital archive; and how the system is used on a day-to-day basis. Although MEDIAS is not commercially available, this paper suggests that the concept could be successfully adapted by other institutions with digital archives.
Keywords: audiovisual heritage; long-term digital preservation; search engine; monitoring digital archival objects; Big Data technology; data analysis; data intelligence; migration -
Building the Lands’ End digital asset management content hub
Dale Meinholz, Digital Asset Management Specialist, Lands’ End
Founded in 1963, Lands’ End is a digital retailer of clothing and home products available through online marketplaces and retail stores. In 2019, the company transitioned to a new enterprise digital asset management solution for its in-progress and final assets. This paper summarises how the new system has expanded into a content hub for a wide variety of digital assets, including images, video, catalogue pages, e-mails and integrations with enterprise systems, and describes the challenges, benefits and opportunities.
Keywords: digital asset management; content hub; searching; integrations; metadata -
The preservation of high-definition video data at the USC Digital Repository: The Television Academy Foundation’s Interviews Collection
Jenni Matz, Director, The Interviews, Television Academy Foundation, et al
This paper presents a comprehensive case study examining a large-scale video migration project carried out by the USC Digital Repository involving oral history interviews from the Television Academy Foundation, captured in high-definition video (HDV). Unlike the more-widely compatible MiniDV format, HDV poses unique challenges due to its distinct format standard, rendering many open source toolsets geared towards capturing DV content incompatible. Consequently, this leaves archivists to rely on unsupported, proprietary tools, exacerbating the complexities inherent in large-scale migrations. Before presenting the troubleshooting process, this paper provides an overview of The Foundation’s Interviews collection, which includes over 900 interviews spanning over 3,000 hours of catalogued and publicly accessible first-hand accounts of television industry pioneers and professionals. Subsequently, the paper delves into the technical intricacies of the HDV format and the challenges of migrating data from HDV. It examines the strategies considered for identifying and addressing corrupt data, alongside implemented solutions aimed at balancing data authenticity with usability in the face of inevitable corruption occurrences throughout the collection. This study not only sheds light on the challenges inherent in preserving HDV content but also offers guidance for future endeavours seeking to safeguard valuable cultural and historical materials in similar formats.
Keywords: digital preservation; digital video; HDV; miniDV; videotape; audiovisual preservation -
A gift to another age: Evaluating virtual machines for the preservation of video games at MoMA
Kirk Mudle, Program Manager, Digital Preservation Outreach & Education Network, Pratt Institute
This paper investigates the use of virtual machines for the preservation of video games. The study uses Rand and Robyn Miller’s classic adventure game ‘Myst’ (1993) as a sample record to evaluate the performance of four different emulation options for the Mac OS 9 operating system — SheepShaver, QEMU, Apple’s ‘Classic Environment’ and Yale University Library’s emulation-as-a-service-infrastructure platform. Serving as the control for the experiment, Myst is first documented running natively on an original PowerMac G4 and iMac G3 at MoMA. The native performance is then compared with each emulation software. Finally, a fully configured virtual machine is packaged as a single file and tested in different contemporary computing environments. Due to both its performance and accessibility, SheepShaver is found to be the optimal choice for Mac OS 9 emulation for the purposes of accessing classic Macintosh computer games. The paper concludes with a call for further research into the issue of emulator obsolescence. More generally, this project clarifies the risks and challenges that arise when using virtual machines for the long-term preservation of computer and software-based art.
Keywords: emulation; video game preservation; virtual machines; case study; preservation project -
Facilitating digitisation and reformatting via committee work
Abby Beazer, Digital Initiatives Technical Specialist, Digital Initiatives, Brigham Young University, et al
The Reformatting Committee at Brigham Young University Library actively manages and facilitates the digitisation of library materials, playing a pivotal role in advancing larger digitisation projects. The committee comprises various stakeholders in the digitisation and reformatting workflow, each with unique concerns and requirements, allowing the committee to effectively navigate the complexities of the digitisation process. This paper discusses the motivations for the committee’s formation, explains its documentation and describes the benefits gained. As this paper explains, the Reformatting Committee exemplifies a balanced approach to meeting various stakeholders’ expectations and building bridges between departments, thereby advancing the library’s mission in the context of the digital era. The paper also explains that stakeholder involvement is crucial, that the structure of the committee enables improved communication and workflow, and, although not all challenges may be anticipated in projects, that the committee is set up to work together to resolve them. The paper concludes that institutions with a history of siloing in their digitisation and reformatting work should consider adopting a similar model, in order to break down such barriers and facilitate communication and collaboration, thus improving the efficiency of digitisation and reformatting projects.
Keywords: digitisation; reformatting; projects; workflow; committees; collaboration