Volume 14 (2025-26)

Market demand and regulatory developments have accelerated requirements for the explicit and measurable assessment of sustainability within commercial property valuations. This necessitates an informed and practical approach. Political and, in some cases, market appetite continues to evolve on sustainability, of which climate change remains the most prominent issue. Measurement of sustainable objectives is typically through environmental, social and governance (ESG) frameworks, which have reached a mature stage in many markets. This maturity of approach, however, interfaces with the reality of economic uncertainty, geopolitical concerns and increased costs. Market stakeholders are increasingly looking at ESG in the context of overall asset performance and demand factors,1 potentially over a longer time horizon. Reporting of ESG frameworks was initially at a company level.2 To better understand company performance and justify capital investment requirements, however, there has been an increased demand to understand the ESG impact in respect of the individual assets held. Commercial property may form a significant part of these assets, and valuation is an important measure. This paper analyses how professionals and standard setters have gone about meeting new asset level valuation requirements, discusses some of the challenges faced, and gives a contemporary view of how commercial property valuation can practically consider sustainability in investigation and reporting. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https:// hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: commercial property; ESG; sustainability; valuation

Retrofitting the UK’s diverse building stock is a critical yet complex task, essential to achieving long-term energy efficiency, security, resilience, health and well-being and sustainability. The UK currently faces rising energy costs, ambitious net zero targets and an ageing building portfolio, putting building professionals under increasing pressure to develop effective retrofit strategies. This paper examines the practical aspects of retrofitting, including asset-level assessment, strategic planning and occupant engagement, while also addressing the risks and opportunities associated with different building types. Surveyors, building consultants, architects and engineers play a crucial role in understanding building conditions and coordinating retrofit projects. Standards such as PAS 2035 and PAS 2038 provide structured guidance, helping professionals manage risks and achieve sustainable improvements. While considerate retrofit adds lasting value, including benefits in terms of energy security, property value increases, avoidance of fuel poverty, affordability and sustainability, incorrect or inappropriate actions can lead to unintended consequences. A specialist approach is always recommended. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https:// hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: Retrofit strategies; energy efficiency; energy security; PAS 2035 and PAS 2038; building performance; domestic and non-domestic buildings

Schedules of condition are probably not as effective as tenants expect them to be. The parties’ advisers should be passing on this information. Alternatives to reference to a schedule of condition should be considered by the parties to a lease. This paper argues that if a schedule of condition is the preferred option, it should be much more detailed than just a few photographs and some text. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: commercial property; repair; schedules of condition

Mould growth and decay in buildings, archives, museums, galleries and our cultural heritage is a serious issue that can have detrimental effects on structures, collections, decorative surfaces, materials, contents and indoor air quality. Mould can release spores and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, contaminating indoor air and potentially affecting the health of occupants. Mould spores can trigger respiratory problems, allergies and other health issues, making it vital to address mould growth promptly. The presence of mould and decay in buildings indicates moisture issues, which are mainly due to defects in buildings, condensation, leaks, rising damp, etc., sometimes arising from lack of maintenance or gross neglect. Addressing mould and decay issues by identifying and rectifying building defects and ensuring continuing maintenance can provide long-term sustainable, holistic solutions to these problems, as well as treating existing mould infestation and decay. This paper discusses the interrelationships of the internal building environment due to interactions between building architecture, materials, structures, services, contents, collections with their external environments and the resulting fungal infestation, decay and mould. This paper advocates that correct identification of mould infestation and decay fungi by an independent mycologist is the vital key to all such problems, as all infestation is not equally toxic, pathogenic or destructive. The environmental management of mould and decay is beneficial to the building fabric, occupants and to the wider environment and following it with ongoing monitoring of the environmental conditions in buildings ensures the long-term health of building materials and the health of the occupants. The paper strongly believes, based on scientific and practical experience and successful case studies over the last 40 years, that much damage has been inflicted over the past century by dealing with the symptoms of the problems and not with the cause(s). By properly understanding the causes, further unnecessary damage can be avoided in the future. This article is also included in The Business and Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: mould and dry rot identification and viability tests; toxic and pathogenic mould; moulds; dry rot and health implications; environmental control of mould and dry rot; hidden dry rot and moulds; non-destructive inspection; building mycology

Whole life carbon assessment (WLCA) is a critical methodology for quantifying and mitigating the carbon emissions associated with buildings and infrastructure throughout their life cycle. This includes emissions from material extraction, manufacturing, construction, operation, maintenance and end-of-life disposal or reuse. As the drive towards net zero intensifies, WLCA is increasingly essential for ensuring projects meet stringent carbon reduction targets. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) has provided guidance on WLCA, aimed at establishing consistency in carbon reporting across the built environment. The application of this guidance to energy infrastructure projects remains challenging, however, particularly in the renewable energy sector where the mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) plant being installed to reduce operational energy consumption forms a significant proportion of the overall embodied carbon of the project. This paper presents the authors’ experience of applying WLCA to the Lancaster University Solar Farm and associated Energy Centre/District Heat Network (the Net Zero Energy Project). It examines the alignment of this approach with the RICS Whole Life Carbon guidance, the challenges encountered and the lessons learned that may help inform future application of WLCA in similar infrastructure projects. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: whole life carbon; embodied carbon; energy infrastructure; heat networks; RICS WLCA Guidance v2; CIBSE TM65

Hawthornden Castle, perched on a cliff edge overlooking the North Esk river, Midlothian, south of Edinburgh, has been operating as an international writers’ retreat since the early 1980s. Complex works to the Category A listed building were carried out in 2024 to bring the building up to current fire safety standards without destroying its character and significance. A large part of the work included the introduction of fire hydrants and a misting system which allowed the castle to retain historic architectural features. Taking advantage of the works, a new heating system and other services designed to achieve net zero annually were installed at the same time. These include air source heat pumps and a large photovoltaic array concealed within the walled garden, away from the castle, involving over 100m of insulated pipework. The result is a warm and significantly safer internal environment, with no visual impact on the character of the historic building. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/ business/.
Keywords: fire; protection; energy; net zero; ASHP; photovoltaics; misting

This paper explores professional indemnity (PI) cover for surveyors, particularly in the UK, over the last eight years. It looks at market trends, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors requirements and other possible approaches to insurance as a key risk management tool to help protect the finances and reputations of surveying companies, and the surveying profession more broadly. From the UK property and financial markets crash in 2008, to the Edinburgh Schools cases in 2016, to the tragedy at Grenfell Tower in 2017, to concerns about reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete first in the 1990s and again in 2019, the surveying profession has faced — and will always face — numerous challenges that potentially pose a threat to surveying companies’ finances and reputations. PI cover is a key risk management tool that helps to protect surveying companies from these threats, enabling them to continue to deliver crucial surveying services, including in areas of higher risk; it is also, of course, a benefit and comfort for surveyors’ clients. PI cover, however, is provided in the context of a market, which faces its own connected risks and challenges. Sometimes those risks and challenges even lead to partial or full market failure, requiring some form of intervention or correction. In the UK, PI is conventionally provided to surveying companies, covering claims made that are connected to their provision of surveying services. But other possible approaches exist, both in the UK and further afield, such as project insurance. The question to be explored is therefore which model of PI cover is more effective and more resilient, particularly in the face of industry challenges and potential market failures. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/ business/.
Keywords: professional indemnity; PI cover; risk management; surveying companies and services

This paper serves as an introduction to indoor air quality for UK building surveyors and property professionals. Historically, the quality of the air we breathe has been a significant health concern, resulting in numerous laws and measures to successfully improve it. These have mainly focused, however, on outdoor air. Only recently has attention moved indoors, where most people spend most of their time, at home and at work. Some high-profile tragic events, where vulnerable children have died, have been key in highlighting the importance of good indoor air quality, resulting in Ella’s Law and Awaab’s Law. This paper discusses the principal indoor air pollutants, including particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bioaerosols, human bio-effluents, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, carbon dioxide and radon. It underscores the importance of effective ventilation in maintaining good indoor air quality. It reviews the current legislative landscape for indoor air quality, finding it to be fragmented, comprising a mixture of industry guidance, health and safety regulations and building certification schemes. This is in contrast to the much clearer laws and guidance around outdoor air quality. The advent of relatively cheap monitoring sensors is described as a ‘game-changer’, enabling real-time measurement of indoor air pollutants, as well as various other comfort metrics. More detailed monitoring of specific VOCs using inexpensive adsorbent tubes that collect chemicals in the air, which can then be analysed in a laboratory, is also discussed. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: indoor air quality; ventilation; air pollutants; legislation; monitoring; health effects

This paper highlights the loss of historic fabric — specifically, examining the unintended consequences of fire safety regulations. The nuances of conservation, such as preserving the original craftsmanship while meeting modern safety standards, offer rich ground for discussion. Highlighting how ill-considered decisions might lead to the unjustified removal of irreplaceable historic features underlines the urgency of the matter. The scope of this paper focuses on historic doors and door furniture and the cost in terms of time, trouble and effect on historic fabric in attempting to meet existing and proposed guidance. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https:// hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: historic doors; fire testing; hinges; self-closers; latches

The Building Safety Act 2022 (the Act) has, at the time of writing, been in effect for close to three years. When the Act was first introduced, it was believed that this would introduce radical new reforms designed to make homes safer and fit for purpose. It is fair to say the Act has certainly made waves since its introduction. During this time, the property sector has been getting to grips with the Act and its wide-ranging effects on the market. This paper looks specifically at Remediation Contribution Orders and considering what effect they have had on the industry as a whole. It will tackle questions such as what is a Remediation Contribution Order? How do you obtain one? How does it differ from a Building Liability Order? What challenges have arisen in the First-Tier Tribunal Property Chamber? What changes have been made to Remediation Contribution Orders in subsequent legislation, and what might the future hold for them in the long term? Some of the answers may well deviate from the initial intentions of Parliament when these powers were first introduced and so we will also consider the unintended consequences of Remediation Contribution Orders. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: Remediation Contribution Orders; property; Tribunal; landlord; tenant; Building Safety Act

Between 700 and 900 years ago in the middle to late medieval period, tiles designed to be used for both decorative and utility purposes as a surface on which to walk were made in their many thousands at various sites in England. Unsurprisingly many are long gone, but more surprising is that a great many remain in parish churches and manorial homes, where they found their way following Henry VIII’s dissolution of the monasteries and the redistribution of church wealth. This paper discusses these tiles as well as those remaining in our great cathedrals. The paper will help those whose interests include historic material to recognise the intrinsic value of these tiles and reasons for preserving them, and to understand how they were made, how they were used and how to care for them. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: tiles; medieval; history; manufacture; materials; conservation

This paper sets out the basis for what individual competence (now known as skills, knowledge, experience and behaviours [SKEB]) and organisational capability (the management of competence by organisations) mean in the context of the new regulatory regime for the built environment. It discusses comments made by Dame Judith Hackitt and the recommendations of the final Grenfell Tower Inquiry report relating to competence. It considers what the Building Safety Act requires, and how these requirements are supplemented by regulations and guidance, specifically with regard to the new duty-holding roles created by the Act. The paper reports on existing methodologies that may be used to demonstrate organisational capability, and the ongoing current (at time of writing) work to further define what will likely become best practice. It then suggests where this may — or should — lead in relation to clients and/or employers looking to recruit or employ both competent individuals and organisations that can demonstrate they have an appropriate management system to manage all the competences necessary to deliver on contract and legal obligations: registers. The paper concludes with an exploration of what governance a public register should have, and a call-to-arms for the sector to start planning for independent and verifiable registers now, as it will take time to put in place suitable and sufficient processes to make them successful. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: SKEB; organisational capability; Grenfell Tower Inquiry report; Building Safety Act; regulations and guidance; management system; registers; public register

This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the current landscape surrounding ecclesiastical buildings across the UK, with a particular focus on the increasing trend of church closures, disposals and efforts at retention. It explores the challenges and opportunities associated with maintaining, adapting or acquiring historic church buildings, highlighting the significant responsibilities borne by those assuming stewardship of such properties. Drawing on practical experience, the paper underscores the necessity of appointing conservation-accredited professionals and engaging with appropriate legal and planning frameworks to mitigate risk and safeguard heritage value. Through detailed discussion, the paper addresses key considerations including legal title complexities, planning and listed building constraints, funding hurdles, insurance obligations and fabric condition. It also explores the implications of adapting churches for contemporary use, whether under private, charitable or community ownership. The paper culminates in a detailed case study of the Kirk of St Nicholas in Aberdeen, an A-listed ecclesiastical landmark, demonstrating how due diligence, strategic planning and interdisciplinary collaboration can enable successful outcomes even within highly complex scenarios. This study is intended for built environment professionals, heritage practitioners, policy makers and prospective purchasers or custodians of ecclesiastical buildings. It provides a theoretical and practical framework for understanding the multifaceted responsibilities involved and offers insight into how heritage assets can be preserved through adaptive, sustainable reuse. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: ecclesiastical; heritage; conservation architect; denomination; reuse

In August 2021, a steward heard a crash from the first floor of the Grade I listed tower at Sissinghurst Castle Garden. Upon investigation, they found that part of the ceiling plaster over Vita Sackville West’s writing desk had detached itself from the laths, resulting in a large fragment falling, narrowly missing the desk. The surrounding area was covered in a fine layer of dust. However, no damage was sustained to the collection. This paper uses the Writing Room project as a critical vehicle to explore issues associated with earthen mortar ceilings, and the implications of using inappropriate materials. It analyses the technical and practical challenges faced during the conservation repair of a 16th-century ceiling, the opportunities to discover previous layers of history, and how these can be used to provide a new historic narrative to a significant room. The paper demonstrates the benefits of establishing the evidential value through investigative survey, research and chemical analysis in assisting with determining an approach for the conservation and stabilisation of the fabric. The paper will be of particular interest to anyone working on historic plastered ceilings where there has been a history of inappropriate repairs. It offers technical guidance on the use of modern methods to maximise the preservation and retention of historic fabric while utilising traditional materials and techniques to reinstate a previous decorative scheme and repair a ceiling using earth mortar materials. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: preserve; conservation; historic fabric; significance; earthen plaster

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Rockville House, a Victorian-era structure situated in Dublin, focusing on its architectural characteristics and historical importance. The study explores the conservation challenges posed by previous alterations and the use of non-traditional materials in earlier repairs. In response, detailed restoration recommendations are provided, emphasising the application of traditional materials and techniques to preserve the building’s historical authenticity. The paper concludes by assessing the implications of these conservation strategies on the structural stability and heritage value of Rockville House. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: Rockville House; Victorian architecture; architectural conservation; historical preservation; traditional materials; heritage value; lime mortar

In housing disrepair cases, expert evidence plays a pivotal role in establishing the extent and impact of property defects on tenants’ health, safety and quality of life. Experts, typically surveyors or environmental health professionals, provide independent technical assessments of the condition of a property and the likely causes of disrepair. Their reports are crucial in determining liability, guiding remedial actions and informing the court or tribunal on matters outside the general knowledge of laypersons. The significance of expert involvement lies in their ability to objectively quantify damage, evaluate compliance with housing standards and correlate disrepair with consequential harm such as damp-related illnesses or structural safety risks. In cases involving claims for damages or specific performance, expert reports often form the evidential foundation for successful outcomes. Moreover, courts increasingly rely on the clarity and impartiality of expert opinions to resolve disputes efficiently, especially where allegations are contested. The Civil Procedure Rules underscore the duty of experts to the court over the instructing party, ensuring their findings are not biased. Their involvement also aids in pre-litigation resolution, as robust expert evidence can prompt early settlements and avoid unnecessary litigation. In sum, experts are instrumental in bridging the gap between technical housing issues and legal accountability, providing objective insight that supports fair and informed adjudication. Their contributions ensure that disrepair cases are resolved not only on legal principles but with an accurate understanding of conditions affecting tenants’ well-being. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: role; experts; housing disrepair; court

Britain’s built heritage plays a crucial role in Britons’ cultural identity, and their understanding of places and their histories. Now, more than ever, we need to preserve historic buildings in order to forge a sustainable and resilient future for our planet. However, climate action is often seen as at odds with heritage conservation, and many energy efficiency measures are perceived as ‘harmful’ to our historic buildings. The Heritage Building Retrofit Toolkit, described in this paper alongside case study examples, aims to challenge those perceptions. It sets out a nine-step methodology which starts from a position of knowledge, balances the risks and considers all opportunities as part of a ‘whole building approach’. The outcome is sensitively integrated solutions that safeguard the future of our heritage buildings, preparing them for a changing climate while reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: heritage; retrofit; sustainability; conservation; historic; climate

Notices given pursuant to the payment provisions in the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (as amended) have formed the subject of numerous cases. This paper examines what these notices must contain to be valid. It includes consideration of the common law approach to construing notices and the statutory requirements. It concludes that the High Court has introduced unjustifiable requirements which should be overruled to provide certainty and clarity on the requirements for a notice. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https:// hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: adjudication; contract; notice; certificate; HGCRA; payment; construction; interpretation; validity

The Blockmaker’s Arms is a former public house in Hackney, London, converted to housing in the 1970s through a series of insensitive additions to subdivide the building into three independent flats. Commissioned by the ground-floor residents with the aim to expand their dwelling, the new project responds to the needs of the client, while improving vertical circulation and redefining a shared urban courtyard, within the constraints of a listed building and its immediate conservation area context. Developed with limited resources in relation to an expansive scope over several floors, the project aims to build a strong contemporary design while limiting the project scope to a reasonable minimum. Designs faced scrutiny by the council’s senior conservation officer, given the building’s prominent location in a conservation area. Construction started prior to and ended during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper illustrates the key structural and technical challenges faced by the design team as well as the solutions adopted to address the complexity of this historic asset through confident interventions that form a coherent ensemble. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: heritage; listed building; conservation area; conversion; retrofit; contemporary architecture

The Norham Gardens project for St Edmund Hall, Oxford is the College’s most ambitious building undertaking for a generation. The project will create a new academic campus within the North Oxford Victorian Suburb Conservation Area. Through a combination of new build contemporary architecture over three buildings and the deep retrofit of an existing 1890 Victorian villa (No.17), the project will deliver 127 student rooms and common spaces, set within a biodiverse and climate resilient landscape design. The project is driven by a holistic approach to sustainability, addressing social and financial considerations, embodied carbon, operational energy and biodiversity. This paper describes the building analysis undertaken and design methodologies used in the team’s deep retrofit of the No.17 villa, acting as a case study in sensitively upgrading a building of this typology using a whole building, fabric-first approach. The project is currently at RIBA Stage 5 with works progressing onsite at time of writing. Strip out of existing finishes, structural adaptions and new window install is complete, with internal wall insulation works now in progress. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: deep retrofit; fabric-first; sustainability; low energy; Passivhaus; conservation; heritage; Victorian architecture

There are industry concerns that changes to Approved Document L of the Building Regulations 2010 that came into force in England on 15th June, 2022, have little regard for the thermal improvement of traditional and historic buildings. This uplift in the regulations is a stepping stone approach by government to achieve net zero carbon by 2050. We can expect more government changes to the Building Regulations in 2025 to achieve further carbon emission improvements of up to 80 per cent. This paper posits that, without proper guidance in the Approved Documents, we will see ever-increasing dampness and deterioration in our traditional and historic buildings built with solid walls, causing health issues for those who occupy them. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: Building Regulations; Approved Documents; England; net zero carbon; dampness; deterioration; health issues; traditional and historic buildings

This paper discusses how and why the agreed surveyor role, Section 10(1)(a) of the Party Wall etc. Act 1996, has failed. The Act has its flaws but is perfectly fine; it is those who administer it who contribute to the failure of this unique and impartial role. Those who administer the Act stand to benefit financially if there are more appointments. For the collective party wall community, it is far more lucrative if disputes are resolved by two surveyors, as opposed to one ‘agreed’ surveyor. There is the false perception that having a dispute resolved by two surveyors is more sensible than relying on just one; however, of 66 party wall appeals from 2002, not one of them related to an agreed surveyor award. Of course, there may be times when a dispute is best resolved by party-appointed surveyors, but that must be after the agreed surveyor route is considered and found to be inappropriate. Too often, this consideration is overlooked, and disputes are needlessly resolved by party-appointed surveyors, ensuring the building owner pays more. There are many simple steps that can be taken by surveyors administering the Act, from serving more informative notice packages to banning pre-dispute appointment letters. The problem with any recommendation is that a surveyor may understandably be reluctant to bring about changes that can adversely affect their profitability. It is the fault of party wall surveyors as guardians of the Party Wall Act that the role of the agreed surveyor has been an abject failure. This paper will explain why they are at fault, why they are loath to change the status quo, and lastly, for the ethical surveyors out there, how they can put the special role of ‘agreed surveyor’ on the pedestal it deserves. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: party wall; surveyor; dispute resolution; agreed surveyor

This paper addresses the ever-changing landscape of structural waterproofing design and installation owing to the publication of the Building Safety Act and its impact, or lack thereof, across this sector. The paper sets out the principles of the Building Safety Act for the construction industry and breaks down where and what industry professionals can expect to experience in the future based on the new legislation. It addresses where the Building Safety Act is applicable within the structural waterproofing sector, and why. Challenges faced by the waterproofing proofing sector and the industry as a whole due to the new regime are discussed. The reader should take away a greater understanding of the Act and what it means in real-world situations for structural waterproofing. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: Building Safety Act; structural waterproofing; challenges; design; installation; competency; knowledge; experience

There is a scientific consensus that further delay to preventive and mitigative action addressing human-induced climate change represents costly and existential danger, with no inhabited region of the earth unaffected. The UK must transition to net zero by 2050. It is estimated that 35–40 per cent of UK emissions result from building use, with 5–10 per cent from the construction industry. A majority of buildings designed or in use today are not sufficiently prepared for this transition. This affords those working in building design and construction unique and critical opportunities for positive change and damage limitation. There is a consensus of expertise that prior to 2050, almost every new and existing UK building will need to be heated with an electric heat pump and have a greatly reduced energy demand. This represents a significant retrofit challenge, which there are insufficient plans or progress to address. More stringent building regulations for proposed buildings’ operational energy use were introduced in 2022. More may imminently follow, though there is concern from the industry that these plans lack the scope and ambition required. Despite broad support, no building regulations limiting embodied carbon exist or are proposed. Projected increases in the frequency, length and severity of heatwaves mean that UK buildings designed for past conditions are unlikely to remain useful or habitable throughout their lifespan. Existing methodologies to assess and mitigate this risk, sometimes a requirement of planning policy, now feature within the new Building Regulations Part O. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https:// hstalks.com/business/.
Keywords: sustainability; climate change; construction; architecture; Building Regulations; Part L; Part O; overheating; energy use; retrofit.